Inqola yokuthenga

Akukho imikhiqizo in the inqola.

Inqola yokuthenga

Akukho imikhiqizo in the inqola.

I-Abrahamic Faiths and Universalism: Abadlali Abasekelwe Ekukholweni Ezweni Eliyinkimbinkimbi

UThomas Walsh November 2, 2016

Izinkolelo zika-Abrahama

2 Imiqophi
Inkulumo kaDkt. Thomas Walsh
Inkulumo kaDkt. Thomas Walsh

Inkulumo Ebalulekile Engqungqutheleni Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yonyaka ka-2016 Yokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Zobuhlanga Nezenkolo kanye Nokwakha Ukuthula
Ingqikithi: “UNkulunkulu Oyedwa Ezinkolweni Ezintathu: Ukuhlola Izindinganiso Ezihlanganyelwe Emasikweni Enkolo Ka-Abrahama — UbuJuda, UbuKristu nobuSulumane” 

Isingeniso

Ngifuna ukubonga i-ICERM kanye noMongameli wayo, u-Basil Ugorji, ngokungimemela kule ngqungquthela ebalulekile nokunginika ithuba lokuhlanganyela amazwi ambalwa ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile, “UNkulunkulu Oyedwa Ezinkolweni Ezintathu: Ukuhlola Izindinganiso Ezihlanganyelwe Emasikweni Enkolo Ka-Abrahama. ”

Isihloko sesethulo sami namuhla sithi “The Abrahamic Faiths and Universalism: Faith-based Actor in a Complex World.”

Ngifuna ukugxila emaphuzwini amathathu, njengoba isikhathi sivuma: okokuqala, isisekelo esivumelanayo noma i-universalism kanye nezindinganiso ezabiwe phakathi kwamasiko amathathu; okwesibili, “uhlangothi olumnyama” lwenkolo nala masiko amathathu; futhi okwesithathu, ezinye zezindlela ezinhle kakhulu okufanele zikhuthazwe futhi zandiswe.

I-Common Ground: Amanani Awomhlaba Wonke Abiwa Ngamasiko Enkolo ka-Abrahama

Ngezindlela eziningi indaba yamasiko amathathu iyingxenye yokulandisa okukodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi sibiza ubuJuda, ubuKrestu nobuSulumane ngamasiko “ka-Abrahama” ngoba umlando wabo usukela ku-Abrahama, uyise (noHagari) ka-Ishmayeli, okuphuma ozalweni lwakhe uMahammad, noyise ka-Isaka (noSarah) ozalo lwakhe, ngoJakobe. , uJesu uyavela.

Indaba exoxwa ngezindlela eziningi iyindaba yomndeni, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omndeni.

Ngokwezindinganiso ezihlanganyelwe, sibona izinto esivumelana ngazo emikhakheni yemfundiso yenkolo noma yemfundiso, izimiso zokuziphatha, imibhalo engcwele kanye nemikhuba yemikhuba. Yiqiniso, kukhona futhi umehluko ophawulekayo.

ITheology noma Imfundiso: ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, uNkulunkulu wokunakekela (obambe iqhaza futhi osebenzayo emlandweni), isiprofetho, indalo, ukuwa, umesiya, isayensi yezinkanyezi, ukukholelwa ekuphileni ngemva kokufa, isahlulelo sokugcina. Yiqiniso, kuzo zonke iziqephu ezivumelanayo kuba nezingxabano nokungezwani.

Kunezindawo ezimbili ezivumelanayo, ezifana nokuhlonishwa okukhulu kokubili amaSulumane namaKrestu anakho ngoJesu noMariya. Noma ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa okunamandla okubonisa ubuJuda nobuSulumane, ngokungafani nemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu kaZiqu-zintathu.

Ethics: Womathathu amasiko azibophezele ezimisweni zokulunga, ukulingana, isihe, ukuphila okuhle, umshado nomndeni, ukunakekela abampofu nabancishwe amathuba, ukusebenzela abanye, ukuzithiba, ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni noma emphakathini omuhle, uMthetho Wegolide, ukuphathwa kwemvelo.

Ukuqashelwa kwesisekelo esivumelana ngokuziphatha phakathi kwamasiko amathathu ka-Abrahama kuye kwaphakamisa ikhwelo lokuba kwakhiwe “izimiso zokuziphatha zomhlaba wonke.” UHans Kung ube ngummeli ophambili walo mzamo futhi waqokonyiswa ePhalamende Lezenkolo Zomhlaba Ka-1993 nakwezinye izindawo.

Imibhalo Engcwele: Ukulandisa okuphathelene no-Adamu, u-Eva, uKhayini, u-Abela, uNowa, u-Abrahama, uMose kuvelele kuwo womathathu amasiko. Imibhalo eyisisekelo yesiko ngalinye ibhekwa njengengcwele futhi yembulwe ngokwaphezulu noma ephefumulelwe.

Ritual: AmaJuda, amaKrestu namaMuslim akhuthaza umkhuleko, ukufunda umbhalo, ukuzila ukudla, ukubamba iqhaza ekukhunjweni kwezinsuku ezingcwele ekhalendeni, imikhosi ehlobene nokuzalwa, ukufa, umshado, nokukhula, ukubekela eceleni usuku oluthile lokuthandaza nokuhlangana, izindawo yomthandazo nokukhulekela (isonto, isinagoge, mosque)

Izindinganiso ezihlanganyelwe, nokho, aziyikhulumi yonke indaba yala masiko amathathu, ngoba ngempela kunomehluko omkhulu kuzo zontathu izigaba ezibaluliwe; imfundiso yenkolo, izimiso zokuziphatha, imibhalo, kanye nesiko. Phakathi kwezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

  1. uJesu: amasiko amathathu ahluke kakhulu ngokombono wokubaluleka, isimo, kanye nesimo sikaJesu.
  2. Mohammed: amasiko amathathu ahluke kakhulu ngokombono wokubaluleka kuka-Mohammed.
  3. Imibhalo Engcwele: amasiko amathathu ahluke kakhulu ngokwemibono yawo yemibhalo engcwele yalowo nalowo. Eqinisweni, kunezindinyana ezithize ezivusa amadlingozi ezitholakala kuleyo naleyo mibhalo engcwele.
  4. IJerusalema ‘NeZwe Elingcwele’: indawo ye-Temple Mount noma i-Western Wall, i-Al Aqsa Mosque kanye ne-Dome of the Rock, eduze nezindawo ezingcwele kakhulu zobuKristu, kunomehluko ojulile.

Ngaphezu kwalomehluko obalulekile, kufanele sengeze olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi. Naphezu kwemibhikisho ephikisana nalokho, kukhona ukuhlukana okujulile kwangaphakathi nokungavumelani phakathi kwamasiko amakhulu lawa. Ukukhuluma ngokwahlukana phakathi kwenkolo yobuJuda (i-Orthodox, i-Conservative, i-Reform, i-Reconstructionist), ubuKristu (i-Katolika, i-Orthodox, i-Protestant), ne-Islam (i-Sunni, i-Shia, i-Sufi) iklwebha phezulu kuphela.

Ngezinye izikhathi, kulula kwamanye amaKristu ukuthola okuningi afanayo namaMuslim kunamanye amaKristu. Kungase kushiwo okufanayo ngesiko ngalinye. Ngifunde muva nje (uJerry Brotton, u-Elizabethan England kanye nezwe lamaSulumane) ukuthi ngezikhathi zika-Elizabeth eNgilandi (16th ekhulwini), kwaba nemizamo yokwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile namaTurkey, njengoba kunqunywa ukuba kunconywe amaKatolika anengekayo ezwenikazi. Ngakho-ke imidlalo eminingi yayibonisa "amaMoors" avela eNyakatho Afrika, ePheresiya, eTurkey. Ubutha obabuphakathi kwamaKatolika namaProthestani ngaleso sikhathi, benza inkolo yobuSulumane yaba umsekeli owamukelekayo.

Uhlangothi Olumnyama Lwenkolo

Sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukukhuluma “ngohlangothi olumnyama” lwenkolo. Nakuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkolo inezandla ezingcolile uma kuziwa ezingxabanweni eziningi esizithola emhlabeni wonke, akunangqondo ukubiza kakhulu indima yenkolo.

Inkolo phela ngokubona kwami ​​inhle kakhulu ngeqhaza layo ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu nenhlalakahle yabantu. Ngisho nabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu abasekela imibono yezinto ezibonakalayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu bayayivuma indima enhle yenkolo ekuthuthukisweni komuntu, ukusinda.

Noma kunjalo, kunezifo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nenkolo, njengoba nje sithola izifo ezihlobene nezinye izigaba zomphakathi wesintu, njengohulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye cishe nayo yonke imikhakha. I-Pathologies, ngokubona kwami, ayiwona ubizo oluthile, kodwa izinsongo zomhlaba wonke.

Nazi ezinye ze-pathologies ezivame kakhulu:

  1. I-ethnocentrism ethuthukisiwe ngokwenkolo.
  2. I-imperialism yenkolo noma ukunqoba
  3. Ukuzikhukhumeza kweHermeneutic
  4. Ukucindezelwa "komunye", "ukungaqinisekisi omunye."
  5. Ukungazi isiko lomuntu siqu kanye nalawamanye amasiko (Islamophobia, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", njll.)
  6. "Ukumiswa kwe-Teleological of the ethical"
  7. "Ukungqubuzana Kwempucuko" e-Huntington

Yini Edingekayo?

Ziningi intuthuko ezinhle kakhulu ezenzeka emhlabeni jikelele.

Inhlangano yokuxuba izinkolo iye yaqhubeka ikhula futhi idlondlobala. Kusukela ngo-1893 e-Chicago kuye kwaba nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezingxoxo zenkolo.

Izinhlangano ezifana nePhalamende, iNkolo Yokuthula, ne-UPF, kanye nezinhlelo zezinkolo nohulumeni zokusekela ukuxutshwa kwezinkolo, isibonelo, i-KAICIID, i-Amman Interfaith Message, umsebenzi we-WCC, i-PCID yaseVatican, I-United Nations i-UNAOC, i-World Interfaith Harmony Week, kanye ne-Inter-Agency Task Force kuma-FBO kanye nama-SDG; I-ICRD (Johnston), i-Cordoba Initiative (i-Faisal Adbul Rauf), i-workshop ye-CFR ethi "Inqubomgomo Yezenkolo Nezangaphandle". Futhi vele i-ICERM kanye ne-InterChurch Group, njll.

Ngifuna ukusho umsebenzi kaJonathan Haidt, nencwadi yakhe ethi “The Righteous Mind.” U-Haidt ukhomba izimiso ezithile ezibalulekile wonke umuntu abelana ngazo:

Ukulimaza/ukunakekela

Ukulunga/ukubuyisana

Ukwethembeka eqenjini

Igunya/inhlonipho

Ubumsulwa/ubungcwele

Sixhumene ukwakha izizwe, njengamaqembu asebenzisanayo. Sixhunywe izintambo ukuze sihlangane sizungeze amaqembu futhi sihlukanise noma sihlukanise kwamanye amaqembu.

Ingabe singathola ibhalansi?

Siphila esikhathini lapho sibhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu ezivela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, ukucekelwa phansi kwamagridi kagesi, nokucekela phansi izikhungo zezezimali, kuya ezinsongweni ezivela kuhlanya olukwazi ukufinyelela izikhali zamakhemikhali, zebhayoloji noma zenuzi.

Sengiphetha, ngifuna ukusho “izindlela ezinhle kakhulu” ezimbili ezifanele ukulingiswa: Umlayezo Wokuhlangana kwe-Amman, kanye ne-Nostra Aetate eyethulwa ngo-Okthoba 28, 1965, “Esikhathini Sethu” nguPaul VI “njengesimemezelo sebandla ezinkolweni ezingezona ezobuKristu.”

Ngokuphathelene nobudlelwane bama-Christian Muslim: “Njengoba phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kungazange kube nezingxabano ezimbalwa nobutha phakathi kwamaKristu namaMoslem, lesi sinodi esingcwele sinxusa bonke ukuba bakhohlwe okwedlule futhi basebenze ngobuqotho ukuze baqondane futhi balondoloze futhi bakhuthaze ndawonye. ukuze kuzuze sonke isintu ubulungisa bezenhlalakahle nenhlalakahle yokuziphatha, kanye nokuthula nenkululeko…” “ingxoxo yobuzalwane”

“I-RCC iyenqaba lutho oluyiqiniso nengcwele kulezi zinkolo”…..”ngokuvamile ibonisa umsebe weqiniso okhanyisela bonke abantu.” Futhi i-PCID, kanye ne-Assisi World Day of Prayer 1986.

URabi uDavid Rosen ukubiza ngokuthi “ukungenisa izihambi kwezenkolo” okungaguqula “ubuhlobo obunoshevu ojulile.”

I-Amman Interfaith Message icaphuna i-Holy Quran 49:13. “Bantu, Sanidala nonke ngendoda eyodwa nowesifazane oyedwa, futhi sanenza izinhlanga nezizwe ukuze nazane. Emehlweni kaNkulunkulu, abahlonishwa kakhulu kinina yilabo abamkhumbula kakhulu: UNkulunkulu wazi konke futhi uyazi.”

La Convivencia eSpain kanye ne-11th futhi 12th amakhulu eminyaka "Inkathi Yegolide" Yokubekezelelana eCorodoba, WIHW e-UN.

Umkhuba wezimfanelo ezinhle zenkolo: ukuzithiba, ukuthobeka, uthando, ukuthethelela, uthando.

Ukuhlonipha imimoya “exubile”.

Zibandakanye “nemfundiso yenkolo yezenkolo” ukuze udale inkhulumomphendvulwano mayelana nendlela ukholo lwakho olubheka ngayo ezinye izinkolo: izimangalo zazo zeqiniso, izisho zazo zensindiso, njll.

Hermenutic ukuthobeka kabusha imibhalo.

isithasiselo

Indaba yomhlatshelo ka-Abrahama wendodana yakhe entabeni yaseMoriya (uGenesise 22) idlala indima ebalulekile esikweni ngalinye lenkolo ka-Abrahama. Yindaba evamile, nokho exoxwa ngendlela ehlukile amaSulumane kunamaJuda namaKrestu.

Umhlatshelo wabamsulwa uyahlupha. Ingabe uNkulunkulu wayevivinya u-Abrahama? Ingabe kwakuyisivivinyo esihle? Ingabe uNkulunkulu wayezama ukuqeda umhlatshelo wegazi? Ingabe kwakungumanduleli wokufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni, noma uJesu akazange afele esiphambanweni kakade.

Ingabe uNkulunkulu wamvusa u-Isaka kwabafileyo, njengoba nje ayeyovusa uJesu?

Ingabe kwakungu-Isaka noma u-Ishmayeli? (Isahluko 37)

U-Kierkegaard ukhulume "ngokumiswa kwe-teleological of the ethical." Ingabe kufanele kulalelwe “izincomo zaphezulu”?

UBenjamin Nelson wabhala incwadi ebalulekile ngo-1950, eminyakeni edlule enesihloko esithi, Umbono Wokuzuzisa: Ukusuka ku-Tribal Brotherhood kuya ku-Universal Otherhood. Ucwaningo lubheka izimiso zokuziphatha ezidinga inzalo ekukhokhweni kwemali mboleko, into eyenqatshelwe kuDuteronomi phakathi kwamalungu esizwe, kodwa evunyelwe ebuhlotsheni nabanye, ukwenqatshelwa okwaqhutshelwa phambili ngomlando omningi wobuKristu wakuqala naphakathi, kwaze kwaba yiNguquko lapho ukuvinjelwa kwachithwa, kwadedelwa, ngokukaNelson embonweni wendawo yonke, lapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abantu behlobana “njengabanye” endaweni yonke.

U-Karl Polanyi, kwethi The Great Transformation, ukhulume ngoguquko olumangalisayo ukusuka emiphakathini yendabuko ukuya emphakathini obuswa umnotho wezimakethe.

Selokhu kwavela “inkathi yesimanje” izazi eziningi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ziye zafuna ukuqonda ukugudluka kwendabuko kuya emphakathini wesimanje, kulokho uTonnies akubiza ngokuthi ukugudluka ku Umphakathi kuya I-Gesellschaft (Umphakathi kanye Nomphakathi), noma i-Maine echazwe njengenhlangano yesimo sokushintsha ukuya emiphakathini yezinkontileka (Umthetho Wasendulo).

Izinkolo zika-Abrahama ngayinye ingeyangaphambili ngemvelaphi yazo. Ngamunye kuye kwadingeka athole indlela yawo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ekuxoxisaneni ngobudlelwano bawo nesimanje, inkathi ebonakala ngokubusa kwesimiso sombuso wesizwe kanye nomnotho wemakethe futhi, ngokwezinga elithile umnotho wemakethe olawulwayo kanye nokukhula noma imibono yezwe yezwe eyenza izinto zibe yimfihlo. inkolo.

Ngamunye kuye kwadingeka asebenze ukuze alinganisele noma abambe amandla alo amnyama. NgobuKristu nobuSulumane kungase kube nokuthambekela kokunqoba noma i-imperialism ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobufandamentali noma ezeqisayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Nakuba isiko ngalinye lifuna ukwakha indawo yobumbano kanye nomphakathi phakathi kwabalandeli, leli gunya lingangena kalula ekukhetheni labo abangewona amalungu kanye/noma abangaguquki noma abangamukeli umbono womhlaba.

LOKHU KUKHOLWA KWABELANA YINI: UMHLABA OJWAYELEKILE

  1. Theism, ngempela monotheism.
  2. Imfundiso Yokuwa, kanye neTheodicy
  3. Umbono Wokuhlengwa, Ukubuyisana
  4. UmBhalo Ongcwele
  5. I-Hermeneutics
  6. Umsuka Ovamile Womlando, u-Adamu no-Eva, uKhayini Abela, uNowa, abaProfethi, uMose, uJesu
  7. UNkulunkulu Ohilelekile Emlandweni, PROVIDENCE
  8. I-Geographic Proximity of Origins
  9. Izizukulwane Zozalo: U-Isaka, u-Ishmayeli, noJesu bayinzalo ka-Abrahama
  10. Ethics

AMANDLA

  1. Ubuhle
  2. Ukuzithiba Nokuziphatha
  3. Umndeni Oqinile
  4. Ukuthobeka
  5. Umthetho Wegolide
  6. ubuphathi obuphathiswe ababonisi
  7. Inhlonipho Yomhlaba Wonke Kubo Bonke
  8. Justice
  9. Iqiniso
  10. Love

ISAYIDI ELIMNYAMA

  1. Izimpi Zenkolo, ngaphakathi naphakathi
  2. Ukubusa Ngenkohlakalo
  3. Ukuzidla
  4. Ukunqoba
  5. I-ethno-centrism enolwazi ngokwezenkolo
  6. "Impi Engcwele" noma izimfundiso zenkolo noma izimfundiso zeJihad
  7. Ukucindezelwa "komunye ongaqinisekisiwe"
  8. Ukubandlululwa noma ukujeziswa kwedlanzana
  9. Ukungazi omunye: Abadala baseZion, Islamophobia, njll.
  10. Udlame
  11. Ukukhula kwe-ethno-religious-nationalism
  12. "Metanarratives"
  13. Ukungenakulinganiswa
Ungahlukıselana
Categories: Imihlangano Yokuhlanganisa
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UThomas Walsh

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Izinkolo e-Igboland: Ukuhlukahluka, Ukufaneleka kanye Nokufaneleka

Inkolo ingesinye sezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho esinomthelela ongenakuphikwa esintwini noma kuphi emhlabeni. Njengoba kubukeka kungcwele, inkolo ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekuqondeni ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi isibalo sabantu bomdabu kodwa iphinde ibe nokuhambisana nenqubomgomo ezimweni ezihlukene nezokuthuthuka. Ubufakazi bomlando kanye ne-ethnographic mayelana nokubonakaliswa okuhlukene kanye nezigaba zamagama zesenzakalo senkolo buningi. Isizwe sama-Igbo eNingizimu neNigeria, ezinhlangothini zombili zoMfula iNiger, singelinye lamaqembu amasiko osomabhizinisi abamnyama abakhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika, anentshiseko yezenkolo engenakuphikiswa ehlanganisa intuthuko esimeme kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwemingcele yaso yendabuko. Kodwa isimo sezenkolo sase-Igboland sishintsha njalo. Kuze kube ngu-1840, inkolo/izinkolo ezivelele zama-Igbo kwakungezomdabu noma zendabuko. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka kamuva, lapho umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli zobuKristu uqala endaweni, kwavulwa ibutho elisha elalizogcina lilungise kabusha inkolo yendabuko yendawo. UbuKristu bakhula baba mncane ukubusa kwakamuva. Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyikhulu yobuKristu e-Igboland, inkolo yobuSulumane kanye nezinye izinkolo ezingezona ezemvelo zavela ukuze ziqhudelane nezinkolo zomdabu zase-Igbo kanye nobuKristu. Leli phepha lilandelela ukuhlukahluka kwezenkolo kanye nokuhambisana kwakho nokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelanayo e-Igboland. Idonsa idatha yayo emisebenzini eshicilelwe, izingxoxo, nezinto zobuciko. Iphikisana ngokuthi njengoba izinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yezenkolo yama-Igbo izoqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kanye/noma ukuzivumelanisa, noma ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhluka phakathi kwezinkolo ezikhona nezisafufusa, ukuze kuphile ama-Igbo.

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Ukuguqulwa

Ukuguqulelwa ku-Islam kanye ne-Ethnic Nationalism e-Malaysia

Leli phepha liyingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu yocwaningo egxile ekukhuleni kobuzwe baseMalay kanye nokuphakama eMalaysia. Nakuba ukwanda kobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, leli phepha ligxile ngokukhethekile emthethweni wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane e-Malaysia kanye nokuthi ingabe uqinise noma cha imizwa yobukhulu bobuzwe baseMalay. IMalaysia iyizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi futhi elinezinkolo eziningi elathola inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kumaBritish. Abantu baseMalay beyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke bebelokhu bebheka inkolo yobuSulumane njengengxenye nengxenye yobuntu babo obubehlukanisa nezinye izizwe ezalethwa ezweni ngesikhathi sombuso wamakoloni wamaNgisi. Nakuba inkolo yobuSulumane iyinkolo esemthethweni, uMthethosisekelo uvumela ukuba ezinye izinkolo zenziwe ngokuthula abantu baseMalaysia okungewona amaMalay, okungamaShayina namaNdiya. Kodwa-ke, umthetho wamaSulumane olawula imishado yamaSulumane eMalaysia ugunyaze ukuthi abangewona amaSulumane kumele baguqukele ku-Islam uma befisa ukushada namaSulumane. Kuleli phepha, ngiphikisa ukuthi umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane usetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuqinisa imizwa yobuzwe baseMalay eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqoqwa ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni namaSulumane aseMalay ashade nabangewona amaMalay. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi iningi labantu okwaxoxwa nabo baseMalay babheka ukuguqukela ku-Islam njengokubalulekile njengoba kudingwa yinkolo yamaSulumane nomthetho wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi abasiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani abantu abangewona amaMalay bengafuni ukuguqukela enkolweni yobuSulumane, njengoba ngesikhathi somshado, izingane zizothathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengamaMalay njengokusho koMthethosisekelo, nawo oza nesimo namalungelo. Imibono yabangewona amaMalay abaguqukele ku-Islam yayisekelwe ezingxoxweni zesibili eziye zenziwa ezinye izazi. Njengoba ukuba umSulumane kuhlotshaniswa nokuba umMalay, abantu abaningi abangewona amaMalay abaguqukile bazizwa bephucwe umuzwa wabo wenkolo nobuzwe, futhi bazizwa becindezelwa ukuba bamukele isiko lamaMalay. Nakuba ukushintsha umthetho wokuguqulwa kungase kube nzima, izingxoxo ezivulekile zokuhlangana kwezinkolo ezikoleni nasezimbonini zomphakathi kungase kube isinyathelo sokuqala sokubhekana nale nkinga.

Ungahlukıselana
Nur Daut November 18, 2023

Umbiko

Ukuhlukumeza noma ukuziphatha kabi
Kuqukethe okuqukethwe kwabantu abadala noma okubucayi
Kuqukethe imininingwane edukisayo noma engamanga
Iqukethe okuqukethwe okuhlukumezayo noma okululazayo
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