Isidingo Sokuhlolwa Kwezingxabano Mayelana Nendawo Engcwele yaseJerusalema
Isingeniso
Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakwa-Israyeli ephikisana kakhulu kukhona i-Sacred Esplanade yaseJerusalema (SEJ).[1] Ikhaya leThempeli Mount/Noble Sanctuary, i-SEJ yindawo osekunesikhathi eside ibhekwa njengengcwele amaJuda, amaSulumane namaKrestu. Iyindawo ephikisiwe, enkabeni yedolobha, futhi igqize ngokubaluleka kwasendulo kwezenkolo, umlando, kanye nesayensi yemivubukulo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, abantu baphile, banqoba, futhi benza uhambo lokuya kulelizwe ukuze banikeze izwi emithandazweni nokholo lwabo.
Ukulawulwa kwe-SEJ kuthinta ubunikazi, ukuphepha, nokulangazelela okungokomoya kwenani elikhulu labantu. Kuwudaba oluwumongo lwezingxabano zakwa-Israel-Palestine kanye ne-Israel-Arab, ezinomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwesifunda nasemhlabeni jikelele. Kuze kube manje, abaxoxisana nabazoba ngabadali bokuthula behlulekile ukuvuma ingxenye ye-SEJ yengxabano njengengxabano ngomhlaba ongcwele.
Ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana kwe-SEJ kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kukhanyiselwe amathuba nezithiyo zokwenza ukuthula eJerusalema. Lokhu kuhlola kuzobandakanya imibono yabaholi bezepolitiki, abaholi bezenkolo, umphakathi obambelele kuwo, kanye namalungu omphakathi wezwe. Ngokukhanyisa izindaba ezibambekayo nezingaphatheki eziwumongo, ukuhlola ukungqubuzana kwe-SEJ kuzohlinzeka ngemininingwane nezincomo kubenzi benqubomgomo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kunikeze isisekelo sezingxoxo ezizayo.
Isidingo Sokuhlola Ukungqubuzana Kwabaxazululi
Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka yomzamo, izingxoxo zesivumelwano sokuthula esiphelele sokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine zehlulekile. Ngemibono yamaHobbesian kanye neHuntingtonian ngenkolo, abaxoxisana nabalamuli ababambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuthula kuze kube manje behlulekile ukubhekana ngokufanele nengxenye yomhlaba engcwele yengxabano.[2] Ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana kwabaxazululi kuyadingeka ukuze kutholwe ukuthi akhona yini amathuba okuthuthukisa izixazululo ezindabeni ezibambekayo ze-SEJ, ngaphakathi kwezimo ezingcwele. Phakathi kokutholwe yilolu cwaningo kungaba ukunqunywa kokuthi kungenzeka yini ukubiza abaholi bezenkolo, abaholi bezombangazwe, abazinikele, kanye nabezwe ukuba bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ezinezingxoxo ezihloselwe ukudala ukuhlangana komphakathi-umbuso lapho abaphikisanayo bebopha isibopho, naphezu kokuqhubeka nokubamba izinkolelo ezihlukene. , ngokuhileleka ngokujulile ezindabeni eziyinhloko zezingxabano zabo.
IJerusalema njengeNdaba Yezingxabano
Nakuba kuvamile ukuba abaxazululi bezingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi bakhe umfutho wokufinyelela izivumelwano ezindabeni ezibonakala zingenakuxazululeka ngokufinyelela izivumelwano ezivivinyayo ezindabeni ezingenzima kangako, izindaba ze-SEJ zibonakala zivimba isivumelwano sesivumelwano esibanzi sokuthula sengxabano yakwa-Israyeli-Palestine. Ngakho-ke, i-SEJ kumele ikhulunywe ngokugcwele kusenesikhathi ezingxoxweni ukuze kwenziwe isivumelwano sokuphela kwengxabano sibe khona. Izisombululo ezindabeni ze-SEJ, nazo, zingazisa futhi zibe nomthelela ezixazululo kwezinye izingxenye zengxabano.
Ukuhlaziywa okuningi kokwehluleka kwezingxoxo ze-Camp David zango-2000 kufaka phakathi ukungakwazi kwabaxoxisanayo ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezindaba ezihlobene ne-SEJ. Umxoxisi uDennis Ross uphakamisa ukuthi ukwehluleka ukulindela lezi zinkinga kube nomthelela ekubhidlikeni kwezingxoxo zeCamp David ezazibizwe nguMongameli Clinton. Ngaphandle kokulungiselela, uRoss wenze izinketho ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezishisayo ezazingamukelekile kuNdunankulu uBarak noma uSihlalo u-Arafat. U-Ross nozakwabo baphinde babona ukuthi u-Arafat wayengenakuzibophezela kunoma yiziphi izivumelwano eziphathelene ne-SEJ ngaphandle kokusekelwa yizwe lama-Arab.[3]
Ngempela, lapho kamuva echaza isikhundla sika-Israel Camp David kuMongameli uGeorge W. Bush, uNdunankulu wakwa-Israel u-Ehud Barak wathi, “INtaba Yethempeli iwumthombo womlando wamaJuda futhi ayikho indlela engizosayina ngayo incwadi edlulisa ubukhosi phezu kweNtaba Yethempeli. kumaPalestine. Ku-Israyeli, bekuyoba ukukhaphela iNgcwelengcwele.”[4] Amazwi ka-Arafat okuvalelisa kuMongameli uClinton ekupheleni kwezingxoxo nawo afinyelela isiphetho esifanayo: “Ukungitshela ukuthi kufanele ngivume ukuthi kunethempeli ngaphansi kwe-mosque? Ngeke ngikwenze lokho.”[5] Ngo-2000, uMongameli waseGibhithe wangaleso sikhathi u-Hosni Mubarak waxwayisa, “noma yikuphi ukuvumelana ngeJerusalema kuyobangela ukuba isifunda siqhume ngendlela engenakulawuleka, futhi ubuphekula buyophinde buvuke.”[6] Laba baholi bezwe babenolwazi oluthile ngamandla angokomfanekiso e-Sacred Esplanade yaseJerusalema kubantu babo. Kodwa babengenalo ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze baqonde lokho okushiwo iziphakamiso, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, babengenalo igunya lokuhumusha izimiso zenkolo ezisekela ukuthula. Izazi zenkolo, abaholi benkolo, namakholwa avamile ayeyosiqonda isidingo sokuthembela ezikhulwini zenkolo ukuze zisekele kuzo zonke lezo zingxoxo. Uma ngaphambi kwezingxoxo, ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana kuhlonze abantu abanjalo futhi kwacacisa izindawo ezilungele ukuxoxisana kanye nezindaba okufanele zigwenywe, abaxoxisanayo bebengase babe nesikhala sesinqumo esandisiwe ababengasisebenzisa.
USolwazi uRuth Lapidoth unikeze isiphakamiso esicatshangelwayo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zikaCamp David: “Isixazululo sakhe engxabanweni yeThempeli Mount sasiwukuhlukanisa ubukhosi besiza sibe izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifana nezomzimba nezingokomoya. Kanjalo elinye iqembu lingase lizuze ubukhosi obuphathekayo phezu kweNtaba, okuhlanganisa namalungelo anjengokulawula ukufinyelela noma ubuphoyisa, kuyilapho elinye lizuza ubukhosi obungokomoya, obuhlanganisa amalungelo okunquma imithandazo nemikhuba. Okungcono nakakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi kokubili izinto ezingokomoya yizona ezaziphikisana kakhulu, uProf. Lapidoth wahlongoza ukuba izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo zivumelane nenqubo ethi ubukhosi obungokomoya beNtaba Yethempeli buvela kuNkulunkulu.”[7] Ithemba laliwukuthi ngokuhlanganisa inkolo nobukhosi esakhiweni esinjalo, abaxoxisana babengathola indawo yokuhlala ezindabeni ezibambekayo ezihlobene nomthwalo wemfanelo, igunya, namalungelo. Nokho, njengoba uHassner esikisela, ubukhosi bukaNkulunkulu bunomphumela wangempela endaweni engcwele.[8], ngokwesibonelo, yimaphi amaqembu athola ukuthandaza kuphi futhi nini. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi siphakamiso besingenele.
Ukwesaba Nokugxeka Inkolo Kunesandla Emigwaqweni
Iningi labaxoxisana nabaxazululi abazange bahlanganyele ngokufanelekile ingxenye yomhlaba engcwele yengxabano. Babonakala bethatha izifundo kuHobbes, bekholelwa ukuthi abaholi bezombangazwe kufanele basebenzise amandla amakholwa awanika uNkulunkulu, futhi bawasebenzise ukukhuthaza uzinzo. Abaholi bezwe baseNtshonalanga nabo babonakala bevinjelwe isimanje samaHuntington, besaba ukungabi nangqondo kwenkolo. Bathambekele ekubhekeni inkolo ngenye yezindlela ezimbili ezilula. Inkolo kungenzeka ukuthi iyimfihlo, ngakho-ke kufanele ihlale ihlukile engxoxweni yezepolitiki, noma igxile kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kangangoba isebenze njengokushisekela okungenangqondo okungaphazamisa ngokuphelele izingxoxo.[9] Ngempela, ezingqungqutheleni eziningi,[10] Ama-Israel namaPalestine adlala kulo mbono, ephakamisa ukuthi ukuqamba noma iyiphi ingxenye yengxabano njengesekelwe enkolweni kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ayinakunqamuka futhi kwenze isixazululo singenzeki.
Nokho, imizamo yokuxoxisana ngesivumelwano sokuthula esibanzi, ngaphandle kokuphawula kwabalandeli benkolo nabaholi babo, yehlulekile. Ukuthula kuhlala kungenangqondo, isifunda silokhu siguquguquka, futhi abazinikele enkolweni eyeqisayo bayaqhubeka nokusongela nokwenza izenzo zobudlova emizamweni yokuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-SEJ yeqembu labo.
Inkolelo yokungabaza kukaHobbes kanye nesimanje sikaHuntington ibonakala iphuphuthekisa abaholi bezwe isidingo sokuxoxisana nabazinikele, bacabangele izinkolelo zabo, futhi bathinte amandla ezombusazwe abaholi babo benkolo. Kepha ngisho noHobbes kungenzeka ukuthi beseke abaholi bezenkolo ababambe iqhaza ekufuneni izinqumo ezindabeni ezibambekayo ze-SEJ. Ubezokwazi ukuthi ngaphandle kosizo lwabefundisi, amakholwa ngeke ahambise izinqumo mayelana nezindaba zomhlaba ongcwele. Ngaphandle kwemibono nosizo lwabefundisi, abazinikele bebeyokhathazeka kakhulu “ngokwesaba okungabonakali” kanye nomthelela wokungafi ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.[11]
Njengoba inkolo ingase ibe amandla amakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, abaholi bezwe kudingeka bacabangele indlela yokubandakanya abaholi bezenkolo namakholwa ekufuneni ukuxazululwa kwezindaba ezihlobene neJerusalema njengengxenye yemizamo yokufinyelela okuphelele, nokuphela - isivumelwano sokungqubuzana.
Noma kunjalo, akukaze kube khona ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana okwenziwa ithimba labaxoxi bengcweti ukuze kuhlungwe izindaba ezibambekayo nezingaphatheki ze-SEJ okuzodingeka kuxoxiswane ngazo, futhi kubandakanye abaholi bezenkolo abangase badinge ukusiza ekwakheni izixazululo nokudala umongo wokwenza lezo zixazululo zamukeleke. kubalandeli bokholo. Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kokungqubuzana kwezindaba, amandla, ababambiqhaza, izingxabano zokholo, nezinketho zamanje eziphathelene ne-Sacred Esplanade yaseJerusalema kuyadingeka ukwenza kanjalo.
Abaxazululi benqubomgomo yomphakathi bavame ukuhlola ukungqubuzana ukuze banikeze ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlaziya kuwukulungiselela izingxoxo ezijulile futhi kusekela inqubo yokuxoxisana ngokuhlonza izimangalo ezisemthethweni zeqembu ngalinye elizimele kwezinye, nokuchaza lezo zimangalo ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Izingxoxo ezijulile nababambiqhaza ababalulekile ziveza imibono ehlukene, ebuye ihlanganiswe ibe umbiko osiza ukuhlela isimo ngokwemibandela eqondakalayo nethembekile kubo bonke abathintekayo engxabanweni.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-SEJ kuzohlonza amaqembu anezimangalo ku-SEJ, kuchaze ukulandisa kwawo okuhlobene ne-SEJ, kanye nezindaba ezibalulekile. Izingxoxo nabaholi bezombangazwe nabezenkolo, abefundisi, izifundiswa, kanye nabalandeli bezinkolo zamaJuda, amaSulumane, nezobuKristu, zizoveza ukuqonda okuhlukahlukene kwezindaba kanye namandla ahambisana ne-SEJ. Ukuhlola kuzohlola izindaba kumongo wokwehluka kwezenkolo, kodwa hhayi izingxabano ezibanzi zemfundiso yenkolo.
I-SEJ ihlinzeka ngokugxila okubambekayo ekuletheni umehluko wenkolo obala ngezindaba ezinjengokulawula, ubukhosi, ukuphepha, ukufinyelela, umthandazo, ukungezwa, nokugcinwa, izakhiwo, kanye nemisebenzi yemivubukulo. Ukuqonda okwengeziwe kwalezi zindaba kungase kucacise izindaba zangempela ezingqubuzanayo, mhlawumbe, namathuba okuxazulula.
Ukwehluleka okuqhubekayo ukuqonda izingxenye zenkolo zengxabano kanye nomthelela wazo kuyo yonke ingxabano ye-Israel-Palestine kuzoholela kuphela ekuhlulekeni okuqhubekayo ekutholeni ukuthula, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuwa kwenqubo yokuthula yase-Kerry, kanye nodlame oluvela kalula nolubalulekile. ukuwohloka okwalandela.
Ukuqhuba Ukuhlola Ukungqubuzana Kwabaxazululi
Iqembu le-SEJ Conflict Assessment Group (SEJ CAG) lizofaka ithimba labalamulayo kanye nomkhandlu wabeluleki. Ithimba labaxazululi lizobunjwa ngabaxazululi abanolwazi abanezizinda ezehlukene zezenkolo, ezombusazwe, namasiko, abazosebenza njengabaxoxisi futhi basize ngemisebenzi eyahlukene okuhlanganisa ukuhlonza okuxoxwa nabo, ukubukeza umthetho olandelwayo wenhlolokhono, ukudingida okutholwe ekuqaleni, nokubhala kanye nokubuyekeza okusalungiswa umbiko wokuhlola. Umkhandlu wokweluleka uzobandakanya ochwepheshe abakhulu kwezenkolo, isayensi yezepolitiki, izingxabano zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, iJerusalema kanye ne-SEJ. Bazosiza kuyo yonke imisebenzi okuhlanganisa nokweluleka ithimba labalamulayo ekuhlaziyeni imiphumela yenhlolokhono.
Ukuqoqa Ucwaningo Lwesizinda
Ukuhlola kuzoqala ngocwaningo olunzulu lokuhlonza nokuhlukanisa imibono eminingi engase idlalwe ku-SEJ. Ucwaningo luzoholela olwazini lwasemuva lwethimba kanye nesiqalo sokuthola abantu abangasiza ekuhlonzeni okuxoxwa nabo kokuqala.
Ukuhlonza Abazoxoxisana nabo
Ithimba labalamulayo lizohlangana nabantu abathile, abahlonzwe yi-SEJ CAG ocwaningweni lwayo, ababezocelwa ukuthi bahlonze uhlu lokuqala lwabazoxoxwa nabo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi abaholi abasemthethweni nabangekho emthethweni ngaphakathi kwenkolo yamaSulumane, yobuKristu kanye neyamaJuda, izifundiswa, osolwazi, ochwepheshe, osopolitiki, osopolitiki, abantu abavamile, amalungu jikelele omphakathi kanye nabezindaba. Umuntu ngamunye ozoxoxwa naye uzocelwa ukuthi ancome abantu abengeziwe. Cishe izinhlolokhono ezingama-200 kuya kwezingama-250 zizokwenziwa.
Ilungiselela I-interview Protocol
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwangemuva, isipiliyoni sokuhlola sangaphambilini, nezeluleko ezivela ethimbeni labaluleki, i-SEJ CAG izolungiselela iphrothokholi yenhlolokhono. Iphrothokholi izosebenza njengesiqalo futhi imibuzo izolungiswa phakathi nezingxoxo ukuze ifinyelele ngokuphumelelayo ukuqonda okujulile kwalabo okuxoxwa nabo mayelana nezindaba ze-SEJ kanye namandla. Imibuzo izogxila ekulandiseni komuntu ngamunye okwaxoxwa naye, okuhlanganisa incazelo ye-SEJ, izindaba ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye zezimangalo zamaqembu abo, imibono mayelana nokuxazulula izimangalo ezingqubuzanayo ze-SEJ, kanye nokuzwela okuphathelene nezimangalo zabanye.
Ukuqhuba izingxoxo
Amalungu eqembu labalamulayo azoba nezingxoxo zobuso nobuso nabantu emhlabeni wonke, njengoba amaqoqo abantu okuxoxwa nabo ehlonzwa ezindaweni ezithile. Bazosebenzisa inkomfa ngevidiyo lapho izingxoxo zobuso nobuso zingenzeki.
Amalungu eqembu Lokulamula azosebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo wenhlolokhono njengomhlahlandlela futhi akhuthaze lowo oxoxwa naye ukuthi alethe indaba yakhe nalokho akuzwisisayo. Imibuzo izosebenza njengezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abaxoxwa nabo bathola ukuqonda lokho abakwaziyo ngokwanele ukuba bakubuze. Ukwengeza, ngokukhuthaza abantu ukuthi baxoxe izindaba zabo, ithimba labalamuli lalizofunda okuningi ngezinto ababengeke bazi ukuthi bazibuze. Imibuzo izoba yinkimbinkimbi kuyo yonke inqubo yenhlolokhono. Amalungu ethimba Lokulamula azokwenza inhlolokhono ngokuqiniseka, okusho ukwamukela ngokuphelele konke okushiwoyo futhi ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ulwazi olunikeziwe luzohlolwa ngokuhambisana nolwazi olunikezwa kubo bonke ababuzwayo ngomzamo wokuhlonza izingqikithi ezifanayo kanye nemibono nemibono eyingqayizivele.
Isebenzisa ulwazi oluqoqwe ngesikhathi sezingxoxo, i-SEJ CAG izohlaziya udaba ngalunye oluphathekayo ngaphakathi komongo ohlukene wemithetho nemibono yenkolo ngayinye, kanye nokuthi leyo mibono ithintwa kanjani ukuba khona nezinkolelo zabanye.
Ngesikhathi senhlolokhono, i-SEJ CAG izoxhumana njalo futhi njalo ukuze ibuyekeze imibuzo, izinkinga, kanye nokungahambisani okubonwayo. Amalungu azobheka okutholakele, njengoba ithimba labalamuli liveza obala futhi lihlaziya izindaba zezenkolo okwamanje ezisafihlekile ezikhundleni zezombangazwe, futhi ezibeka izindaba ze-SEJ njengodweshu olungenakunqandeka.
Ukulungiswa Kombiko Wokuhlola
Ukubhala uMbiko
Inselele ekubhaleni umbiko wokuhlola iwukuhlanganisa amanani amakhulu olwazi kuhlaka oluqondakalayo noluhambisanayo lwengxabano. Kudinga ukuqonda okucutshunguliwe nokucolisisiwe kokungqubuzana, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, ithiyori yezingxoxo nokwenza, kanye nokuvuleleka kanye nelukuluku lokwazi okwenza abalamuli bakwazi ukufunda ngeminye imibono yomhlaba nokubamba imibono eyahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Njengoba ithimba labalamulayo lenza izingxoxo, izingqikithi zizovela ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ze-SEJ CAG. Lezi zizohlolwa ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zakamuva, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zicwengisiswe. Umkhandlu owelulekayo uzobuyekeza izindikimba ezisalungiswa ngokuqhathanisa namanothi ezingxoxo, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingqikithi zidingidwe kahle nangokunembile.
Ukuvezwa kombiko
Umbiko uzobandakanya izici ezifana nalezi: isingeniso; isifinyezo sokungqubuzana; ingxoxo ye-dynamics eyeqile; uhlu kanye nencazelo yamaqembu abalulekile anentshisekelo; incazelo yokulandisa kweqembu ngalinye okusekelwe okholweni lwe-SEJ, ashukumisayo, izincazelo, nezithembiso; ukwesaba kweqembu ngalinye, amathemba, kanye namathuba abonwayo ekusasa le-SEJ; isifinyezo sazo zonke izindaba; kanye nokubhekwa kanye nezincomo ezisekelwe kulokho okutholwe ekuhlolweni. Umgomo kuzoba ukulungisa ukulandisa kwezenkolo okuhlobene nezindaba ezibambekayo ze-SEJ zenkolo ngayinye ehambisana nabalandeli, nokuhlinzeka abenzi benqubomgomo ukuqonda okubalulekile kwezinkolelo, okulindelekile, nokugqagqana kuwo wonke amaqembu enkolo.
Ukubuyekezwa koMkhandlu Olulekayo
Umkhandlu wabeluleki uzobuyekeza okusalungiswa okuningi kombiko. Amalungu athile azocelwa ukuthi anikeze isibuyekezo esijulile futhi aphawule ezingxenyeni zombiko ezihlobene ngokuqondile nokukhethekile kwawo. Ngemva kokuthola lawa mazwana, umbhali wombiko wokuhlola oholayo uzowalandela, njengoba kudingeka, ukuze aqinisekise ukuqonda okucacile kwezibuyekezo ezihlongozwayo futhi abuyekeze umbiko osalungiswa ngokusekelwe kulokho kuphawula.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwengxoxo
Ngemva kokuba imibono yomkhandlu owelulekayo isihlanganisiwe embikweni osalungiswa, izigaba ezifanele zombiko osalungiswa zizothunyelwa kulowo nalowo ozoxoxwa naye ukuze kubuyekezwe. Ukuphawula kwabo, izilungiso, kanye nezincazelo kuzobuyiselwa ethimbeni labalamulayo. Amalungu eqembu abe esebuyekeza isigaba ngasinye futhi alandelele abathile okuxoxwa nabo ngocingo noma ngevidiyo, njengoba kudingeka.
Umbiko Wokuhlola Ukungqubuzana Kokugcina
Ngemva kokubuyekeza okokugcina komkhandlu wabeluleki nethimba labalamuli, umbiko wokuhlola ukungqubuzana uzoqedwa.
Isiphetho
Uma isimanje ayikayiqedanga inkolo, uma abantu beqhubeka “benokwesaba okungabonakali,” uma abaholi benkolo benezisusa zezombangazwe, futhi uma abezombangazwe bexhaphaza inkolo ngenjongo yezombangazwe, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile kudingeka ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana kwe-Sacred Esplanade yaseJerusalema. Kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo sokuya ezingxoxweni eziphumelelayo zokuthula, njengoba kuzohlekisa ngezindaba ezibambekayo zezepolitiki kanye nezintshisakalo phakathi kwezinkolelo nezinqubo zenkolo. Ekugcineni, kungase kuholele emibonweni ebingacatshangwa ngaphambili kanye nezixazululo zokungqubuzana.
Okubhekwayo
[1] Grabar, Oleg noBenjamin Z. Kedar. Izulu Nomhlaba Kuhlangana: I-Sacred Esplanade yaseJerusalema, (Yad Ben-Zvi Press, University of Texas Press, 2009), 2.
[2] Ron Hassner, Impi Ezindaweni Ezingcwele, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009), 70-71.
[3] Ross, Dennis. Ukuthula Okulahlekile. (ENew York: Farrar, Straus noGiroux, 2004).
[4] Menahem Klein, Inkinga yaseJerusalema: Umzabalazo Wesimo Esihlala Njalo, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003), 80.
[5] Curtius, Mary. “Indawo Engcwele Ibaluleke Kakhulu Phakathi Kwezithiyo Zokuthula EMpumalanga Ephakathi; Inkolo: Ingxabano enkulu yakwa-Israyeli-Palestine yehlela endaweni engamahektha angama-36 eJerusalema," (Los Angeles Times, Septhemba 5, 2000), A1.
[6] Lahoud, Lamia. "Mubarak: Jerusalem compromise isho udlame," (I-Jerusalem Post, Agasti 13, 2000), 2.
[7] “Izingxoxo Nomlando: Ron E. Hassner,” (California: Institute of International Studies, University of California Berkeley Events, February 15, 2011), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIb9iJf6DA8.
[8] Hassner, Impi Ezindaweni Ezingcwele, 86-87.
[9] Ibid, XX.
[10]"Inkolo kanye Nengxabano Yakwa-Israyeli-Palestine," (I-Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, Sept 28, 2013),, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/religion-and-the-israel-palestinian-conflict. Ama-Tufts.
[11] Negretto, Gabriel L. ULeviyathani kaHobes. Amandla Angenakuvinjelwa KaNkulunkulu Ofayo, Analisi e diritto 2001, (Torino: 2002), http://www.giuri.unige.it/intro/dipist/digita/filo/testi/analisi_2001/8negretto.pdf.
[12] Sher, Gilad. Ngale nje Kokufinyelela: Izingxoxo Zokuthula Zakwa-Israel-Palestine: 1999-2001, (I-Tel Aviv: I-Miskal-Yedioth Izincwadi Nezincwadi Ze-Chemed, 2001), 209.
[13] Hassner, Impi Ezindaweni Ezingcwele.
Leli phepha lethulwa eNgqungqutheleni Yokuqala Yonyaka Yokuqala Yezizwe Ngezizwe Ye-International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation Yokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Zobuhlanga Nezenkolo Nokwakha Ukuthula eyayiseNew York City, e-U.S.A., ngo-Okthoba 1, 1.
Isihloko: “Isidingo Sokuhlolwa Kwezingxabano Ngokuphathelene Nendawo Engcwele YaseJerusalema”
Iphrezentheshini: Susan L. Podziba, Umlamuli Wenqubomgomo, Umsunguli kanye Nothishanhloko wePodziba Policy Mediation, Brookline, Massachusetts.
Moderator: U-Elayne E. Greenberg, Ph.D., UProfesa Wezokusebenza Kwezomthetho, Umsizi Womphathi Wezinhlelo Zokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano, kanye noMqondisi, uHugh L. Carey Centre for Dispute Resolution, St. John's University School of Law, New York.
