Ukuqonda Impi E-Ethiopia: Izimbangela, Izinqubo, Amaqembu, Amandla, Imiphumela kanye Nezixazululo Ezidingekayo

Ngijabule ngesimemo sokukhuluma enhlanganweni yenu. Ngangingazi nge-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM). Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokutadisha iwebhusayithi nokuthola injongo yakho nemisebenzi yakho, ngihlabeke umxhwele. Indima 'yokulamula ngenkolo yobuzwe' ingabaluleka ekuzuzeni izixazululo nasekunikezeni ithemba lokululama nokuphulukiswa, futhi iyadingeka ngaphezu kwemizamo 'yezombangazwe' kuphela ekuxazululeni izingxabano noma ekwenzeni ukuthula ngendlela esemthethweni. Kuhlala kunesisekelo esibanzi senhlalo namasiko noma okuguquguqukayo ezingxabanweni nokuthi kuliwa kanjani, kumiswe, futhi ekugcineni kuxazululwe, futhi ukulamula okuvela kusisekelo somphakathi kungasiza ezingxabanweni. Ingucuko, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuxoxisana nokuphatha kunokuba kuliwe ngokoqobo izingxabano.

Ocwaningweni lwase-Ethiopia esixoxa ngalo namuhla, ikhambi alikabonakali, kodwa izici zenhlalonhle-yamasiko, ubuhlanga kanye nezenkolo zingaba usizo kakhulu ukucatshangelwa lapho kusebenzela eyodwa. Ukulamula kweziphathimandla zezenkolo noma abaholi bomphakathi akukanikezwa ithuba langempela.

Ngizokwethula isingeniso esifushane ngokuthi iyini le ngxabano futhi nginikeze iziphakamiso zokuthi ingaqedwa kanjani. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi nonke seniyazi okuningi ngakho futhi ningixolele uma ngiphinda izinto ezithile.

Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela eyenzeka e-Ethiopia, izwe elidala elizimele e-Afrika futhi elingakaze libe yikoloni? Izwe elinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu, amasiko ezinhlanga eziningi, nokunotha kwamasiko, okuhlanganisa nezinkolo. Inesimo sesibili esidala kakhulu sobuKristu e-Afrika (emva kweGibhithe), inkolo yobuJuda bomdabu, kanye nobudlelwane bokuqala nobuSulumane, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba IHijra (622).

Ngokwesisekelo sezingxabano zamanje e-Ethiopia kukhona ipolitiki engalungile, engenademokhrasi, imibono yobuhlanga, izithakazelo eziphakeme ezingahloniphi ukuziphendulela kubantu, kanye nokugxambukela kwamanye amazwe.

Izimbangi ezimbili eziyinhloko yinhlangano yamavukela-mbuso, i-Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), kanye nohulumeni wobumbano wase-Ethiopia, kodwa abanye bahileleke futhi: I-Eritrea, amasosha okuzivikela wendawo kanye nezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezinodlame ezihlangene ne-TPLF, njenge I-OLA, i-'Oromo Liberation Army'. Bese kuba ne-cyber-warfare.

Umzabalazo wezikhali noma impi kuwumphumela ukwehluleka kwesistimu yezombangazwe kanye noguquko olunzima ukusuka kuhulumeni wentando yeningi ocindezelayo ukuya ohlelweni lwezepolitiki lwentando yeningi. Lolu shintsho lwaqalwa ngo-Ephreli 2018, lapho kwaba noshintsho lukaNdunankulu. I-TPLF yayiyiqembu elibalulekile 'emfelandawonye' ye-EPRDF eyaphuma emzabalazweni wokulwa nebutho langaphambilini. UDerg umbuso, futhi wabusa kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-2018. Ngakho, i-Ethiopia ayizange ibe nenqubo yezombusazwe evulekile, yentando yeningi futhi i-TPLF-EPRDF ayizange ikuguqule lokho. I-TPLF elite yavela endaweni ye-ethno-region yase-Tigray futhi inani labantu base-Tigray lihlakazekile kulo lonke elase-Ethiopia (cishe u-7% yenani eliphelele labantu). Lapho kubusa (ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nezicukuthwane ezihlangene zamanye amaqembu 'ezobuhlanga' kulowo mfelandawonye), kwakuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko kodwa futhi kwaqoqwa amandla amakhulu ezombusazwe nezomnotho. Igcine isimo sokuqapha esicindezela kakhulu, esabunjwa kabusha ngokwepolitiki yobuhlanga: ubunjalo bomphakathi babantu baqokwa ngokusemthethweni ngokwezinhlanga, futhi hhayi kangako ngomqondo obanzi wokuba isakhamuzi sase-Ethiopia. Abahlaziyi abaningi ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 baxwayise ngalokhu futhi kwaba yize, ngoba ezombusazwe imodeli i-TPLF eyayifuna ukuyifaka ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, (okuhlanganisa 'ukuthuthukiswa kweqembu lobuhlanga', ukulingana 'kwe-ethno-linguistic', njll.). Izithelo ezibabayo zemodeli esizivuna namuhla - ubutha bobuhlanga, izingxabano, ukuncintisana kwamaqembu okuqinile (futhi manje, ngenxa yempi, ngisho nenzondo). Uhlelo lwezombangazwe lwakhiqiza ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo futhi lwagxilisa umbango wokulingisa, ukukhuluma ngokwemibandela kaRené Girard. Isisho sase-Ethiopia esivame ukucashunwa, 'Susa ugesi nepolitiki' (okungukuthi, ungase ubulawe), sagcina ukusebenza kwaso ngemuva kuka-1991 e-Ethiopia… Futhi indlela yokusingatha ubuhlanga bezombusazwe kuseyinselelo enkulu ekuguquleni abantu base-Ethiopia. ezombusazwe.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezilimi zobuhlanga kuyiqiniso e-Ethiopia, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, kodwa iminyaka engu-30 edlule ibonise ukuthi ubuhlanga abuhlangani kahle nezombusazwe, okungukuthi, abusebenzi ngendlela efanele njengefomula yenhlangano yezombangazwe. Ukuguqula ipolitiki yobuhlanga kanye 'nobuzwe bobuhlanga' ibe yipolitiki yentando yeningi eqhutshwa yindaba kungatuswa. Ukuqashelwa ngokugcwele kwamasiko/ubunikazi kuhle, kodwa hhayi ngokuhumusha kwabo komuntu ngamunye kwezombusazwe.

Impi yaqala njengoba nazi ngobusuku bangomhla zi-3-4 kuLwezi 2020 ngokuhlaselwa kungazelelwe kwe-TPLF ebuthweni elihlangene lase-Ethiopia elalisesifundeni saseTigray, emngceleni we-Eritrea. Ibutho elikhulu kunawo wonke, i-Northern Command egcwele kahle, empeleni lalikuleso sifunda, ngenxa yempi yangaphambili ne-Eritrea. Ukuhlasela bekulungiselelwe kahle. I-TPLF yayisivele yakha izinqolobane zezikhali kanye nophethiloli e-Tigray, okuningi kwakho kugqitshwe ezindaweni eziyimfihlo. Futhi ngokuvukela umbuso kwangomhla zi-3-4 kuNovemba 2020 babeye kuzikhulu namasosha aseTigrayan. Ngaphakathi ibutho lenhlangano ukuze lisebenzisane, okuyinto abayenza kakhulu. Ikhombise ukulungela kwe-TPLF ukusebenzisa udlame ngokunganamkhawulo njengendlela yepolitiki ukudala amaqiniso amasha. Lokhu kwabonakala nasezigabeni ezalandela zodweshu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela engenaluzwela ukuhlaselwa kwamakamu amasosha ombuso kwenziwa (cishe amasosha angama-4,000 abulawa ebuthongweni kanye nabanye ekulweni) futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhicongo 'sohlanga' sase-Mai Kadra (ngo 9-10 Novemba 2020) azikhohliwe noma azixolelwe abantu abaningi base-Ethiopia: bekubonwa kabanzi njengokuvukela umbuso nonya.

Uhulumeni wobumbano wase-Ethiopia wasabela ekuhlaselweni ngakusasa futhi wagcina ephumelele ngemva kwamasonto amathathu empi. Ifake uhulumeni wesikhashana enhlokodolobha iTigray, iMeqele, enabantu baseTigrayan. Kodwa ukuvukela umbuso kwaqhubeka, kwavela ukumelana nendawo yasemaphandleni kanye nokucekela phansi kwe-TPLF nokwesaba esifundeni sayo; ukucekela phansi kabusha ukulungiswa kwe-telecom, ukuvimbela abalimi ekulimeni umhlaba, kuqondise izikhulu zase-Tigray ekuphathweni kwesifunda kwesikhashana (okucishe kwabulawa abantu abayikhulu. Bona icala elibuhlungu likanjiniyela u-Enbza Tadesse futhi ingxoxo nomfelokazi wakhe). Izimpi zaqhubeka izinyanga, kwaba nomonakalo omkhulu futhi kwenziwa ukuhlukumeza.

Ngomhla zingama-28 kuJuni 2021 amasosha ombuso ahoxa ngaphandle kwaseTigray. Uhulumeni wanikeza isivumelwano sokuyeka ukulwa - ukudala indawo yokuphefumula, ukuvumela i-TPLF ukuthi icabange kabusha, futhi kunikeze abalimi baseTigrayan ithuba lokuqala umsebenzi wabo wezolimo. Lokhu kuvulwa akuzange kuthathwe ubuholi be-TPLF; bashintshela ezimpini ezinzima. Ukuhoxa kwebutho lase-Ethiopia kwadala isikhala sokuhlasela okuvuselelwe kwe-TPLF futhi amabutho abo adlulela eningizimu, eqondise kakhulu izakhamuzi kanye nengqalasizinda yomphakathi ngaphandle kwase-Tigray, esebenzisa udlame olungakaze lubonwe ngaphambili: 'ukukhomba' ubuzwe, amaqhinga omhlaba oshisiwe, esabisa izakhamuzi ngesihluku. amandla nokubulawa, nokucekela phansi kanye nokuphanga (akukho okuhlosiwe kwezempi).

Umbuzo uwukuthi, kungani le mpi enobudlova, lolu dlame? Ingabe abaseTigrayan babesengozini, ingabe isifunda sabo nabantu babesongelwa? Hhayi-ke, lena indaba yezombangazwe i-TPLF eyakha futhi yethulwa emhlabeni wangaphandle, futhi yaze yafinyelela ekufuneni ukuvinjelwa okuhlelekile kobuntu e-Tigray kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqothulwa kwabantu baseTigrayan. Akukho nokukodwa okwakuyiqiniso.

Lapho wayenakho kube ukwakhiwa kokungezwani ezingeni le-elite kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2018 phakathi kobuholi obubusayo be-TPLF e-Tigray Regional State kanye nohulumeni wobumbano, kuyiqiniso lokho. Kepha lokhu ikakhulukazi bekuyizindaba zezepolitiki nezokuphatha kanye namaphuzu aphathelene nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nezinsiza zomnotho kanye nokuphikiswa kobuholi be-TPLF kuhulumeni wobumbano ezinyathelweni zabo eziphuthumayo ze-COVID-19 kanye nokubambezeleka kwayo kokhetho lukazwelonke. Zazingaxazululeka. Kodwa ngokusobala ubuholi be-TPLF abukwazanga ukwamukela ukwehliswa esikhundleni sobuholi bombuso ngoMashi 2018 futhi besaba ukudalulwa kwezinzuzo zabo zezomnotho ezingalungile, kanye nerekhodi labo lengcindezelo eminyakeni edlule. Nabo benqaba iyiphi izingxoxo/izingxoxo nezithunywa ezivela kuhulumeni wobumbano, ezivela emaqenjini abesifazane noma iziphathimandla zezenkolo ezaya eTigray ngonyaka owandulela impi futhi zibancenga ukuba bayekethise. I-TPLF icabange ukuthi ingathatha amandla kabusha ngokuvukela umbuso bese imashele e-Addis Ababa, noma izodala umonakalo ezweni kangangokuthi uhulumeni kaNdunankulu wamanje u-Abiy Ahmed uzowa.

Uhlelo lwehlulekile futhi kwaba nezimpi ezimbi, namanje ayikaqedwa nanamuhla (30 January 2022) njengoba sikhuluma.

Njengomcwaningi wase-Ethiopia ngenze umsebenzi wokucwaninga ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, kuhlanganise neNyakatho, ngishaqekile ngezinga elingakaze libonwe kanye nokuqina kodlame, ikakhulukazi i-TPLF. Namasosha kahulumeni wobumbano ayengenacala, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala zempi, nakuba abephula umthetho babeboshwa. Bona ngezansi.

Esigabeni sokuqala sempi ngoNovemba 2020 kuya ku-ca. NgoJuni 2021, kwaba nokuhlukunyezwa nosizi okwabangelwa yizo zonke izinhlangothi, namasosha ase-Eritrea ahileleka. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuqhutshwa yintukuthelo okwenziwa ngamasosha namasosha e-Tigray akwamukelekile futhi bekusezinhlelweni zokushushiswa nguMmeli-Jikelele wase-Ethiopia. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi babeyingxenye yempi eyayinqunyelwe kusengaphambili inqubomgomo webutho lamaTopiya. Kube nombiko (owashicilelwa ngomhla ka-3 Novemba 2021) mayelana nalokhu kuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu esigabeni sokuqala sale mpi, okungukuthi, kuze kube zingama-28 kuJuni 2021, owakhiwe ithimba le-UNHCR kanye ne-EHRC ezimele, futhi lokhu kwabonisa ubunjalo nezinga zokuhlukunyezwa. Njengoba sekushiwo, izigilamkhuba eziningi zamasosha ase-Eritrea nase-Ethiopia zalethwa enkantolo futhi zadonsa izigwebo zazo. Abahlukumezi ngasohlangothini lwe-TPLF abakaze babekwe amacala ubuholi be-TPLF, kunalokho.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaphezu konyaka kulwiwa, manje sekunciphile ukulwa phansi, kodwa okwamanje akukapheli. Kusukela ngoDisemba 22, 2021, ayikho impi yezempi esifundeni saseTigray uqobo - njengoba amasosha ombuso ahlehlisela emuva i-TPLF eyalelwa ukuthi ame emngceleni wesifunda saseTigray. Noma kunjalo, iziteleka zomoya ngezikhathi ezithile zenziwa emigqeni yokuhlinzeka kanye nezikhungo zokuyala eTigray. Kodwa ukulwa kwaqhubeka ezingxenyeni zeSifunda Sase-Amhara (isb., e-Avergele, e-Addi Arkay, eWaja, eT'imuga, naseKobo) nasezindaweni zase-Afar (isb., e-Ab'ala, eZobil, naseBarhale) emngceleni weTigray Region. futhi kuvala imigqa yokuhlinzeka ngosizo ku-Tigray uqobo. Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ezindaweni ezihlala abantu kusaqhubeka, ukubulawa kwabantu nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla nakho, ikakhulukazi ingqalasizinda yezokwelapha, yezemfundo nezomnotho. Amasosha asendaweni ase-Afar nase-Amhara ayaziphindisela emuva, kodwa amasosha ombuso awakazibandakanyi kangako.

Ezinye izitatimende eziqaphile ezingxoxweni/izingxoxo manje sezizwakala (kamuva nje nguNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres, kanye nomele okhethekile we-AU oPhondweni lwe-Afrika, uMongameli Wangaphambili u-Olusegun Obasanjo). Kodwa kunezikhubekiso eziningi. Futhi amaqembu omhlaba afana ne-UN, EU noma i-US enza hhayi nginxuse i-TPLF ukuthi ime futhi iziphendulele. Can kukhona 'isivumelwano' ne-TPLF? Kukhona ukungabaza okukhulu. Abaningi e-Ethiopia babona i-TPLF njengengathembekile futhi cishe njalo efuna ukufuna amanye amathuba okucekela phansi uhulumeni.

Izinselelo zezepolitiki ezazikhona ngaphambi impi isekhona futhi ayizange ilethwe noma yisiphi isinyathelo esiseduze nesixazululo ngokulwa.

Kuyo yonke impi, i-TPLF yayihlale yethula 'indaba engaphansi' mayelana nayo nesifunda sayo. Kodwa lokhu kuyathandeka - babengelona iqembu elimpofu nelihluphekayo. Babenemali eningi, benempahla enkulu yezomnotho, ngo-2020 bebesahlomile, futhi beyilungiselele impi. Bakha indaba yokucwaswa kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobuhlanga ngenxa yemibono yomhlaba kanye nakubantu bakubo, ababebambelele ngokuqinile (i-Tigray yayingesinye sezifunda ezinedemokhrasi encane kakhulu e-Ethiopia eminyakeni engama-30 edlule). Kepha lokho kulandisa, ukudlala ikhadi lobuhlanga, bekungagculisi, futhi ngoba amaTigrayan amaningi asebenza kuhulumeni wobumbano nakwezinye izikhungo ezingeni likazwelonke: uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela, uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, inhloko yehhovisi lokugqugquzela i-GERD, uNgqongqoshe Wenqubomgomo YeDemocraticization, kanye nezintatheli eziphezulu ezihlukahlukene. Kungabazeka kakhulu futhi uma inani labantu baseTigraya elibanzi bonke besekela(ed) ngenhliziyo yonke le nhlangano ye-TPLF; ngeke sazi ngempela, ngoba akukaze kube khona umphakathi ozimele wangempela, akukho zindaba zamahhala, akukho mpikiswano yomphakathi, noma ukuphikiswa lapho; noma ngabe yikuphi, inani labantu lalingenakho ukukhetha, futhi abaningi bazuza ngokomnotho kuhulumeni we-TPLF (Iningi lama-diaspora Tigrayans ngaphandle kwe-Ethiopia liyakwenza ngempela).

Kuphinde kwaba khona okusebenzayo, lokho okuye kwabizwa ngabanye, i-cyber-mafia exhumene ne-TPLF, ebambe iqhaza emikhankasweni ehleliwe yokusabalalisa ulwazi olusha kanye nokwesabisa okube nomthelela emithonjeni yezindaba yomhlaba wonke ngisho nakubakhi bezinqubomgomo bamazwe ngamazwe. Babesebenzisa kabusha ukulandisa okumayelana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Tigray genocide' lapho kwenziwa: i-hashtag yokuqala kulokhu ivele emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-TPLF kwamasosha ombuso ngomhla ka-4 Novemba 2020. Ngakho-ke, kwakungelona iqiniso, nokuhlukumeza leli gama lahlelwa kusengaphambili, njengomzamo wenkulumo-ze. Enye yayise 'ekuvinjweni kosizo' kwe-Tigray. Lapho is ukungavikeleki kokudla okungathí sina e-Tigray, futhi manje nasezindaweni eziseduze zempi, kodwa hhayi indlala e-Tigray ngenxa 'yokuvinjelwa'. Uhulumeni wobumbano unikeze usizo lokudla zisuka nje - nakuba lwalunganele, alukwazanga: imigwaqo yavalwa, imigwaqo yezindiza yacekelwa phansi (isb, e-Aksum), izimpahla ezivame ukwebiwa amasosha e-TPLF, kanye namaloli okusiza ukudla aya e-Tigray ashaqwa.

Amaloli osizo okudla angaphezu kwe-1000 aye e-Tigray kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule (iningi elinophethiloli owanele ohambweni lokubuya) ayengakaziwa ngoJanuwari 2022: cishe asetshenziselwe ukuthutha amasosha yi-TPLF. Ngesonto lesibili nelesithathu likaJanuwari 2022, kwadingeka ukuthi amanye amaloli osizo abuye ngoba i-TPLF yahlasela indawo yase-Afar ngase-Ab'ala yabe isivala umgwaqo ongenela.

Futhi muva nje sibonile iziqeshana zevidiyo ezivela endaweni yase-Afar, ezibonisa ukuthi naphezu kokuhlaselwa okunonya kwe-TPLF kubantu base-Afar, i-Afar yendawo isavumela i-convoys yokusiza abantu ukuba idlule indawo yabo e-Tigray. Abakutholayo kwakuwukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwemizi nokubulawa kwabantu.

Isici esikhulu esibe nzima kube ukusabela kobuzwe emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi amazwe anikela ngezimali aseNtshonalanga (ikakhulukazi avela e-USA kanye ne-EU): abonakala enganele futhi ekha phezulu, hhayi olwazini: ingcindezi engafanele, echemile kuhulumeni wobumbano, engabheki izithakazelo zombuso. umTopiya abantu (ikakhulukazi, labo abahlukunyeziwe), ekuzinzeni kwesifunda, noma emnothweni waseTopiya uwonke.

Isibonelo, i-US ibonise ukukhalipha kwenqubomgomo okungajwayelekile. Eduze kwengcindezi eqhubekayo ku-PM Abiy ukuthi amise impi - kodwa hhayi ku-TPLF - bacabange ukusebenzela 'ushintsho lombuso' e-Ethiopia. Bameme amaqembu aphikisayo anonya eWashington, kanye neNxusa leNxusa laseMelika e-Addis Ababa kuze kube yinyanga edlule kugcinwe ukubiza izakhamizi zabo kanye nabezizwe jikelele ukuba hamba I-Ethiopia, ikakhulukazi i-Addis Ababa, 'ngesikhathi sisekhona'.

Inqubomgomo yase-US ingase ithonywe yinhlanganisela yezinto: i-US Afghanistan debacle; ukuba khona kweqembu elisekela i-TPLF eMnyangweni WezoMbuso kanye nase-USAID; inqubomgomo ye-US ye-Egypt kanye nesimo sayo esimelene ne-Eritrea; ukuntula ubuhlakani/ulwazi lokucubungula mayelana nokungqubuzana, kanye nokuncika kosizo lwase-Ethiopia.

Akekho nomxhumanisi wezindaba zangaphandle we-EU, uJosep Borrell, kanye namaphalamende amaningi e-EU abonise uhlangothi lwabo olungcono kakhulu, ngezicelo zabo zokuthi unswinyo.

The abezindaba bomhlaba jikelele iphinde yadlala indima emangalisayo, ngezindatshana ezivame ukucwaningwa kabi kanye nokusakaza (ikakhulukazi ama-CNN ngokuvamile ayengamukeleki). Babevame ukuthatha uhlangothi lwe-TPLF futhi bagxile ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni wobumbano wase-Ethiopia kanye noNdunankulu wawo, ngomusho ongabikezelwa: 'Kungani umnqobi weNobel Peace Prize aye empini?' (Nakuba, ngokusobala, umholi wezwe angeke abanjwe 'isithunjwa' salowo mklomelo uma izwe lihlaselwa empini yamavukelambuso).

Imithombo yezindaba yomhlaba wonke iphinde yalulaza noma yakushaya indiva umnyakazo we-hashtag ovela ngokushesha othi '#NoMore' phakathi kwabase-Ethiopia base-Ethiopia kanye nabase-Ethiopia endawo, abamelana nokugxambukela nokuthambekela kokubikwa kwabezindaba baseNtshonalanga kanye nemibuthano ye-USA-EU-UN. Abantu base-Ethiopia abadiaspora babukeka bebaningi abalandela indlela kahulumeni wase-Ethiopia, nakuba beyilandela ngeso elibucayi.

Ukwengezwa okukodwa ekuphenduleni kwamazwe ngamazwe: inqubomgomo yezonswinyo yase-US e-Ethiopia kanye nokususa i-Ethiopia ku-AGOA (intela encane yokungenisa izimpahla ezikhiqizwa e-USA) kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2022: isilinganiso esingakhiqizi futhi esingenaluzwela. Lokhu kuzolimaza kuphela umnotho wezokukhiqiza wase-Ethiopia futhi kwenze amashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, bangasebenzi - abasebenzi abeseka uNdunankulu u-Abiy ezinqubweni zakhe.

Manje sikuphi manje?

I-TPLF iphinde yashaywa ngasenyakatho ngamasosha. Kodwa impi ayikapheli. Nakuba uhulumeni wacela i-TPLF ukuthi iyeke ukulwa, waze wamisa nomkhankaso wayo emingceleni yesifunda sase-Tigray, I-TPLF iyaqhubeka nokuhlasela, ukubulala, ukudlwengula izakhamuzi, nokucekela phansi imizana namadolobhana e-Afar nasenyakatho ye-Amhara..

Kubonakala sengathi abanalo uhlelo olwakhayo lwekusasa lezepolitiki le-Ethiopia noma iTigray. Kunoma yisiphi isivumelwano esizayo noma ukujwayela, izintshisekelo zabantu baseTigray kufanele zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa ukubhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla. Ukubahlukumeza akulungile futhi akukhiqizi ngokwepolitiki. I-Tigray iyindawo ewumlando, yenkolo, namasiko e-Ethiopia, futhi okufanele ihlonishwe futhi ilungiswe. Kuyangabazeka uma lokhu kungenziwa ngaphansi kombuso we-TPLF, njengoba ngokusho kwabahlaziyi abaningi manje isivele yadlula isikhathi sayo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi i-TPLF, iyinhlangano enegunya elite, izidingo Ukungqubuzana ukuze kuqhubeke, futhi maqondana nezakhamizi zakhona e-Tigray - abanye ababukele baphawule ukuthi bangahle bafune ukuhlehlisa isikhathi sokuziphendulela ngakho konke ukumoshwa kwezinsiza zabo, nokuphoqa kwabo amasosha amaningi - kanye nenqwaba yamasosha. Ingane amasosha phakathi kwabo - ukulwa, kude nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza kanye nemfundo.

Eduze kokuxoshwa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane, ngempela izinkulungwane zezingane kanye nentsha ziye zancishwa imfundo cishe iminyaka emibili - nasezindaweni zempi zase-Afar nase-Amhara, kuhlanganise naseTigray.

Ingcindezi evela emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe (funda: WaseNtshonalanga) ibilokhu ifakwe kakhulu kuhulumeni wase-Ethiopia, ukuze kuxoxiswane futhi avume - hhayi ku-TPLF. Uhulumeni wobumbano kanye no-PM Abiy bahamba entanjeni eqinile; kufanele acabange ngesifunda sakhe sasekhaya futhi khombisa ukuzimisela 'ukuyekethisa' emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe. Wenze njalo: uhulumeni waze wakhulula abaholi abaphezulu abaphezulu abayisithupha be-TPLF ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2022, kanye nezinye iziboshwa ezazinempikiswano. Isenzo esihle, kodwa asibanga namphumela - akukho ukuphindisela okuvela ku-TPLF.

Ukuphetha: umuntu angasisebenzela kanjani isixazululo?

1. Ingxabano enyakatho ye-Ethiopia yaqala njengembi kakhulu ezombusazwe Ingxabano, lapho iqembu elilodwa, i-TPLF, lalizimisele ukusebenzisa udlame olubhubhisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini imiphumela. Nakuba isixazululo sezombusazwe sisengenzeka futhi sifiseleka, amaqiniso ale mpi abe nomthelela kangangokuthi isivumelwano sezombusazwe noma ingxoxo manje sekunzima kakhulu... abantu base-Ethiopia ngobuningi babo bangase bangakwamukeli ukuthi uNdunankulu ahlale phansi etafuleni lezingxoxo. neqembu labaholi be-TPLF (nabambisene nabo, i-OLA) abahlela ukubulawa nonya olunjalo okuthi izihlobo zabo, amadodana namadodakazi abo abe yisisulu sabo. Yebo, kuzoba nengcindezi evela kwabazibiza ngosopolitiki bangempela emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba benze kanjalo. Kodwa kufanele kusungulwe inqubo yokuxoxisana eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano, namaqembu/abalingisi abakhethiwe kulo mbango, mhlawumbe kuqalwe ngesikhathi aphansi izinga: izinhlangano zomphakathi, abaholi bezenkolo, nosomabhizinisi.
2. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yenguquko yezombangazwe nezomthetho e-Ethiopia kufanele iqhubeke, iqinise umfelandawonye wentando yeningi kanye nomthetho, futhi ibeke eceleni/ibandlulule i-TPLF, eyenqaba lokho.

Inqubo yentando yeningi ingaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuma-ethno-nationalist radicals kanye nezintshisekelo ezinikezwayo, futhi uhulumeni ka-PM Abiy ngezinye izikhathi uthatha izinqumo ezingabazekayo kuzishoshovu nezintatheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlonishwa kwenkululeko nezinqubomgomo zabezindaba kuyehluka ezifundazweni ezahlukene zase-Ethiopia.

3. Inqubo ye-'National Dialogue' e-Ethiopia, eyamenyezelwa ngoDisemba 2021, ingenye yezindlela eziya phambili (mhlawumbe, lokhu kunganwetshwa kube inqubo yeqiniso nokubuyisana). Le Dialogue izoba yinkundla yesikhungo yokuhlanganisa bonke ababambiqhaza abafanelekile bezepolitiki ukuze kuxoxwe ngezinselelo zezepolitiki ezikhona.

'I-National Dialogue' ayiyona enye indlela yezingxoxo zePhalamende lombuso kodwa izosiza ukukwazisa nokwenza kubonakale uhla kanye nokufaka kwemibono yezepolitiki, izikhalazo, abadlali, kanye nezintshisakalo.

Ngakho lokho kungase futhi kusho okulandelayo: ukuxhumana nabantu ngaphezulu uhlaka olukhona lwezepolitiki nezempi, ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, futhi kubandakanya nabaholi bezenkolo nezinhlangano. Eqinisweni, inkulumo yezenkolo nezamasiko yokwelapha umphakathi ingase ibe isinyathelo sokuqala esicacile esiya phambili; ukukhanga ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ezabiwe iningi labantu baseTopiya elihlanganyela kuzo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

4. Uphenyo olugcwele lwamacala empi kusukela mhla zi-3 kuNovemba 2020 luzodingeka, kulandelwa ifomula nenqubo yombiko wemishini ehlanganyelwe ye-EHRC-UNCHR wangomhla zi-3 kuNovemba 2021 (onganwetshwa).
5. Ukuxoxisana ngesinxephezelo, ukuchithwa kwezikhali, ukuphulukiswa, nokwakhiwa kabusha kuyodingeka kwenziwe. Ushwele wabaholi abavukela umbuso mancane kakhulu.
6. Umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe (ikakhulukazi, amazwe aseNtshonalanga) nawo unendima kulokhu: kungcono ukumisa unswinyo kanye nokuduba uhulumeni wobumbano wase-Ethiopia; futhi, ngoshintsho, futhi ukucindezela futhi ushayele i-TPLF ukuthi iphendule. Kufanele futhi baqhubeke nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwabantu, bangasebenzisi inqubomgomo yamalungelo abantu engahlelekile njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ukwahlulela le ngxabano, futhi baqale futhi ukubandakanya uhulumeni wase-Ethiopia ngokungathí sina, besekela futhi bathuthukise ubudlelwano bezomnotho besikhathi eside nobunye.
7. Inselele enkulu manje ukuthi ungakuthola kanjani ukuthula ngobulungisa … Inqubo yokulamula ehlelwe ngokucophelela kuphela engaqalisa lokhu. Uma ubulungiswa bungenziwa, ukungazinzi nokubhekana ngezikhali kuzophinde kuvuke.