Chiitiko cheMisa-pfungwa

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvinowanzokonzera kukakavadzana kwezvitendero munyika dzepasi rose zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nechiitiko chinouraya chekufunga kwevazhinji, kutenda mapofu uye kuteerera. Munyika dzakawanda, vamwe vanhu vane pfungwa yagara iripo yokuti vanhu vemamwe madzinza kana kuti vezvitendero vanongova vavengi vavo. Vanofunga kuti hapana chakanaka chichabuda mavari. Iyi ndiyo migumisiro yezvichemo zvakaunganidzwa kwenguva refu uye rusaruro. Sezvatinocherekedza, zvichemo zvakadaro nguva dzose zvinoratidzira muchimiro chokusavimba, kusashivirira kukuru uye ruvengo. Uyewo, kune vamwe vemamwe mapoka orudzidziso avo, pasina chikonzero, vasingadi kusonganirana, kurarama, kugara pasi kana kuti kunyange kubata maoko navanhu vamamwe mapoka orudzidziso. Kana vanhu ivavo vakakumbirwa kuti vatsanangure chikonzero nei vachiita nenzira iyoyo, vangasava nezvikonzero zvakasimba kana kuti tsananguro. Vachangokuudza kuti: “ndizvo zvatakadzidziswa”; “vakasiyana nesu”; “hatina chitendero chimwe chete”; "vanotaura mutauro wakasiyana uye vane tsika dzakasiyana".

Pose pandinoteerera mashoko iwayo, ndinonzwa kuora mwoyo zvachose. Mavari, munhu anoona kuti munhu ari pasi sei uye akatongerwa pesvedzero inoparadza yenzanga yaanogara.

Panzvimbo pokutsigira zvitendero zvakadaro, munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kutarisa mumwoyo ndokubvunza kuti: kana nzanga yangu yapedyo ikandiudza kuti mumwe munhu akaipa, akaderera, kana kuti muvengi, ini ndiri munhu ane mufungo ndinofungei? Kana vanhu vakataura zvakaipa pamusoro pevamwe, pazvikonzero zvipi pandinofanira kuvakira mitongo yangu pachangu? Ndinotorwa mwoyo nezvinotaurwa nevanhu here, kana kuti ndinobvuma uye ndinoremekedza vamwe vanhu seni, pasinei nezvitendero zvavo kana kuti dzinza ravo?

Mubhuku rake rinonzi, The Undiscovered Self: The Dilemma of the Individual in Modern Society, Carl Jung [i] anotsinhira kuti "hwakawanda hwehupenyu hwemunhu munzanga hwakadzorwa netsika yekufunga kwevanhu vakawanda uye kubatana." Jung anotsanangura pfungwa huru se "kuderedzwa kwevanhu kuenda kuzvikamu zvisingazivikanwe, sekufunga kwakafanana kwevanhu, kushandiswa nenhema uye kushambadza kuti vaite chero basa rinodiwa kwavari neavo vane simba." Mudzimu wokufunga zvakawanda unogona kuderedza uye kuderedza munhu wacho, 'uchimuita kuti anzwe asingakoshi kunyange sezvo vanhu vose zvavo vachifambira mberi.' Murume mukuru haazvifungidziri, mucheche muunhu hwake, “haafungi, haafungi, haafungi, anochinja uye haavimbiki.” Muhuwandu, munhu wacho anorasikirwa nekukosha kwake uye anova nyajambwa we "-isms." Achiratidza kusaziva mutoro nokuda kwezviito zvake, munhu mukuru anozviwana zviri nyore kuita utsotsi hunotyisa pasina kufunga, uye anowedzera kutsamira panzanga. Mafungiro orudzi urwu anogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro ine ngozi uye kukakavara.

Sei kufunga kwevanhu vakawanda kuri kukonzera kunetsana kwezvitendero? Izvi imhaka yokuti nzanga yatinogara mairi, zvinobudisa nhau, uye mamwe mapoka edzinza nezvitendero zvinotipa pfungwa imwe chete, nzira imwe yokufunga, uye hazvikurudziri kubvunza kwakakomba uye kurukurirano yakasununguka. Dzimwe nzira dzokufunga—kana kududzira—dzinofuratirwa kana kuti kudzidzwa. Chikonzero uye humbowo zvinowanzorambwa uye kutenda kweupofu nekuteerera kunokurudzirwa. Nekudaro, hunyanzvi hwekubvunza, hunova pakati pekuvandudzwa kweiyo yakakosha fekitari, hwakamira. Mamwe maonero, maitiro ekutenda kana nzira dzehupenyu dzinopesana nezvinotendwa neboka zvinorambwa zvine hukasha uye zvakasimba. Mafungiro erudzi urwu anooneka munzanga dzedu dzanhasi uye akakonzera kusanzwisisana pakati pemarudzi akasiyana nemapoka ezvitendero.

Mafungiro ekufunga-zhinji anoda kutsiviwa nechimiro chepfungwa chekubvunza, kuongorora uye kunzwisisa kuti nei zvimwe zvitendero zvichifanira kubatwa kana kusiiwa. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuve nechekuita uye kwete kungotevedzera uye kuchengeta mitemo. Ivo vanofanirwa kupa kana kupa kune zvakanakira, uye kwete kungopedza uye kutarisira kupihwa zvimwe.

Kuti uchinje mafungiro erudzi urwu, panodiwa kuvhenekera pfungwa dzese. Sokutaura kunoita Socrates kuti “upenyu husina kuongororwa hahuna kukodzera kurarama kumunhu,” vanhu vanofanira kuzviongororazve, kuteerera inzwi ravo romukati, uye kuva noushingi hwokushandisa pfungwa dzavo vasati vataura kana kuita chimwe chinhu. Sekureva kwaImmanuel Kant, “Kuvhenekerwa kubuda kwemunhu kubva mukusakura kwake kwaakazvisungirira. Kusakura ndiko kusakwanisa kushandisa kunzwisisa kwemunhu pasina nhungamiro kubva kune mumwe. Kusakura uku kunozvisungirira kana chikonzero chayo chisiri mukushaikwa kwekunzwisisa, asi mukushaiwa kutsunga uye ushingi hwekuishandisa pasina nhungamiro kubva kune imwe. Sapere Aude! [shinga kuziva] "Shinga kushandisa kunzwisisa kwako wega!" -ndiro dingindira rekujekeswa”[ii].

Kuramba iyi pfungwa huru inogona chete kuitwa zvinobudirira nemunhu anonzwisisa hunhu hwake, anodaro Carl Jung. Anokurudzira kuongororwa kwe'microcosm - chiratidzo checosmos huru mudiki'. Isu tinofanirwa kuchenesa imba yedu, kuiisa muhurongwa tisati taenda kumberi kunoisa vamwe nenyika dzese dzakarongeka, nekuti "Nemo dat quod non habet”, “hapana anopa zvaasina”. Isu tinofanirawo kukudziridza maitiro ekuteerera kuti titeerere zvakanyanya kune mutinhimira wemukati medu kana izwi remweya, uye kutaura zvishoma nezvevamwe vasingagoverane isu maitiro ezvitendero zvakafanana.

Ini ndinoona iyi Interfaith Saturday Retreat Chirongwa semukana wekuzviongorora wega. Chimwe chinhu chandakambodaidza kuti Voice of the Soul Workshop mune rimwe bhuku randakabudisa muna 2012. Kudzokera shure kwakadai semukana wakaisvonaka wekuchinja kubva pamafungiro evanhu vakawanda kuenda kuhumwe hunoonekwa, kubva pakuita basa kuenda kune rimwe basa, kubva paudzidzi hutungamiriri, uye kubva pamaitiro ekugamuchira kusvika kune ekupa. Kuburikidza naro, tinokokwa zvakare kutsvaga nekutsvaga zvatingagona kuita, hupfumi hwemhinduro uye kugona kwakaiswa mukati medu, izvo zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa kusawirirana, rugare nebudiriro munyika dzepasirese. Naizvozvo tinokokwa kuti tishandure kutarisa kwedu kubva kune “zvekunze”—zviri kunze uko— kuenda “kwemukati”—zviri kuitika mukati medu. Mhedzisiro yetsika iyi ndeyekuwana metanoia, kuedza kungoerekana kwaitika kwe psyche kuzvirapa pachayo kurwisana kusingatsungiririki nekunyunguduka uyezve kuberekwa patsva mune imwe nzira inogadzirisa [iii].

Mukati mezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda uye zvinokwezva, kupomerwa uye kupomera, urombo, kutambura, huipi, hutsotsi uye mhirizhonga munyika dzakawanda pasirese, Izwi reMweya Workshop iro kudzoka uku kunotikoka, rinopa mukana wakasarudzika wekuwana. kunaka uye chokwadi chakanaka chezvisikwa izvo munhu mumwe nomumwe anotakura mukati make, uye simba re "mweya-upenyu" iyo inotaura zvinyoro kwatiri mukunyarara. Naizvozvo ndinokukoka iwe kuti “upinde mukati-kati memukati menzvimbo tsvene yemukati mako, kure nekumhanya uye kunonzi kukwezva kwehupenyu hwekunze, uye mukunyarara kuterera inzwi remweya, kunzwa kuteterera kwawo. , kuziva simba rayo”[iv]. “Kana pfungwa dzakazadzwa nekurudziro dzakakwirira, misimboti yakanaka, yehumambo, inoyevedza, uye inosimudzira kuedza, izwi remweya rinotaura uye huipi neutera hwakazvarwa nerutivi rusina kuvandudzwa nerudyire rwehunhu hwedu hwevanhu hazvigone kupinda, saka kufa”[v].

Mubvunzo wandinoda kukusiyai nawo ndewekuti: Ndechipi chipo chatinofanira kuita sevagari vemunyika vane kodzero, mabasa uye zvisungo (uye kwete hurumende chete, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vedu vemarudzi kana vezvitendero kana vamwe vane zvigaro zvehurumende)? Mune mamwe mazwi, chii chatinofanira kuita kubatsira kuita kuti nyika yedu ive nzvimbo iri nani?

Kufungisisa pamusoro pemhando iyi yemubvunzo kunotungamirira kukuziva uye kuwanikwa kwehupfumi hwedu hwemukati, kwaniso, matarenda, simba, chinangwa, chishuwo uye chiratidzo. Pane kuti timirire hurumende kuti idzorere runyararo nekubatana, tinozofemerwa kuti titange kutora nzombe nenyanga dzayo kuti tishande mukuregererana, kuyanana, runyararo nekubatana. Nokuita izvi, tinodzidza kuva nomutoro, ushingi, uye kushingaira, uye kupedza nguva shoma tichitaura pamusoro pokusava nesimba kwavamwe vanhu. Sokutaura kunoita Katherine Tingley, “funga kwechinguvana nezvezvisikwa zvevarume vane hunyanzvi. Kudai vakanga vamira ndokudzokera shure mukupokana panguva apo kusundwa kwoumwari kwakavabata, hatifaniri kuva nenziyo huru, tisina mifananidzo yakaisvonaka, tisina unyanzvi hwakafuridzirwa, uye tisina zvigadzirwa zvinoshamisa. Aya masimba anoshamisa, anosimudzira, ekugadzira anobva muhunhu hwehumwari hwemunhu. Kana isu tose tairarama mukuziva uye kutendiswa kwezvinobvira zvedu pachedu zvikuru, tinofanira kuziva kuti tiri mweya uye kuti isuwo tine ropafadzo dzoumwari dzinopfuura chinhu chipi nechipi chatinoziva kana kuti kunyange kufunga nezvacho. Zvakadaro tinorasa izvi parutivi nekuti hazvigamuchirwe kune yedu yakaganhurirwa, pachedu pachedu. Hazvienderani nepfungwa dzedu dzatagara tichifunga. Saka tinokanganwa kuti isu tiri chikamu cheumwari chirongwa chehupenyu, kuti chinangwa chehupenyu chinoera uye chitsvene, uye tinozvibvumira isu kukukurwa tichidzokera mumhepo yekusanzwisisa, kusanzwisisa, kusava nechokwadi, kusafara, uye kupererwa ”[vi] .

Izwi reMweya Wekishopu richatibatsira kupfuura kusanzwisisana, kupomerana, kupomerana, kurwisana, misiyano yezvitendero, uye neushingi kumiririra ruregerero, kuyananiswa, rugare, kuwirirana, kubatana nebudiriro.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi, ona Ugorji, Basil (2012). Kubva kuKururamisa Kwetsika kusvika Kupindirana Kwemarudzi: Kufungidzira PaKugona Kwekupindirana Kwechitendero muAfrica. Colorado: Outskirts Press.

References

[I] Carl Gustav Jung, chiremba wepfungwa wekuSwitzerland uye muvambi weanalytical psychology, aifungidzirwa kuva munhu, maitiro epfungwa ekubatanidza zvinopokana kusanganisira kuziva nekusaziva vachiri kuchengetedza kuzvitonga kwavo, zvinodiwa kuti munhu ave akakwana. Kuti uwane kuverenga kwakadzama padzidziso yeMisa-pfungwa, ona Jung, Carl (2006) . The Undiscovered Self: Dambudziko remunhu muSosaiti Yemazuva Ano. New American Library. map. 15–16 ; verengawo Jung, CG (1989a). Ndangariro, Zviroto, Mafungiro (Rev. ed., C. Winston & R. Winston, Trans.) (A. Jaffe, Ed.). New York: Random House, Inc.

[Ii] Immanuel Kant, Mhinduro kumubvunzo: Chii chinonzi Kuvhenekerwa? Konigsberg muPrussia, 30 Gunyana 1784.

[iii] Kubva muchiGiriki μετάνοια, metanoia ishanduko yepfungwa kana mwoyo. Verenga psychology yaCarl Jung, op cit.

[iv] Katherine Tingley, Kubwinya kweMweya (Pasadena, California: Theosophical University Press), 1996, quotation yakatorwa kubva muchitsauko chekutanga chebhuku, rakanzi: "Izwi reMweya", rinowanikwa pa: http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/splendor/spl-1a .htm. Katherine Tingley akanga ari mutungamiri weTheosophical Society (iyo yakanzi Universal Brotherhood uye Theosophical Society) kubva ku1896 kusvika ku1929, uye anoyeukwa zvikuru nokuda kwebasa rake rekuvandudza dzidzo uye magariro evanhu rakananga kumuzinda weSosaiti wepasi rose kuPoint Loma, California.

[V] Ibid.

[vi] Ibid.